The Arts Related to Bookbinding and Book Jacket are as old as corpus collection.Book Binding, Book Jacket and book Cover Illustration are one of the Out sanding Arts which differentiate Iranian’s Arts From those of other countries.Making Book Jacket was separated from the other Arts. These Book’s Jacket Protected papers, Sheets and Folio from Natural Damages.These books Cover were turned into symbols for introducing the concepts of Books.So Artists who made Jacket and covered Books used many Iranian arts and Symbols on such covers as Tazhib, Tasheer, Monabbat, Zirlaki, etc.During Centuries these arts were changed to Master Pieces by Distinguished Artists.Today the customs and traditional of these Arts Potential to be Investigated.The Aim of the Article is to introduce the Chronology and Development of Book, Bookbinding, Book cover and Making Book Jacket.

In Germany, as in Iran, all literary works in which war is addressed are traditionally counted as "war literature"; however, it is very doubtful whether this can provide a picture of the attitudes of the authors of literary war books to the phenomenon of "war". The fact that, in addition to the term "war literature", terms such as "anti-war literature" (in Germany) and "literature of holy defence" (in Iran) have also become established shows that the essence of literary war books can only be done justice if they are evaluated and subsumed against the background of their authors' attitudes towards war. The establishment of the term "anti-war literature" alongside the term "war literature" in Germany is due to different attitudes of the authors of literary war works to war, while in Iran the term "war literature" is used sporadically and due to (almost) uniform attitudes of war writers to war, another widely used term, namely "the literature of holy defense", is preferred. Against the backdrop of Ernst Jünger’s and Hamidreza Taleghani’s attitudes towards war—Jünger as a representative of German war literature and Taleghani of the literature of the Holy Defense in Iran—this article aims to crystallize and justify the characteristics of war literature and the literature of the Holy Defense through a comparative study, highlighting that their authors' differing perspectives on war necessitate a distinct categorization of theirworks. Ernst Jünger als Inkarnation der Kriegsliteratur versus Hamidreza Taleghani als Inkarnation der Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung In Deutschland wie im Iran zählt man traditionell alle literarischen Werke, in denen der Krieg thematisiert wird, zur „Kriegsliteratur“; ob man damit ein Bild von Einstellungen der Verfasser von literarischen Kriegsbüchern zum Phänomen „Krieg“ liefern kann, ist jedoch sehr zweifelhaft. Die Tatsache, dass sich neben dem Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ auch Begriffe wie „Antikriegs¬literatur“ (in Deutschland) und „Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung“ (im Iran) etabliert haben, zeigt, dass man dem Wesen von literarischen Kriegsbü¬chern nur dann gerecht wird, wenn man sie vor dem Hintergrund von Ein¬stellungen ihrer Verfasser zum Krieg bewertet und subsumiert. Die Etablie¬rung des Begriffs „Antikriegsliteratur“ neben dem Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ in Deutschland hat den Grund in unterschiedlichen Einstellungen der Ver¬fasser von literarischen Kriegswerken zum Krieg, während man im Iran den Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ sporadisch verwendet und aufgrund (fast) einheit¬licher Einstellungen von Kriegsliteraten zum Krieg einen anderen weit ver¬breiteten Begriff, nämlich „die Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung“ bevor¬zugt. Der vorliegende Beitrag will vor dem Hintergrund der Einstellungen von Ernst Jünger (als Inkarnation der Kriegsliteratur in Deutschland) und Hamidreza Taleghani (als Inkarnation der Literatur der heiligen Verteidi¬gung im Iran) zum Krieg in ihren literarischen Kriegswerken mit einer ver¬gleichenden Studie die Charakteristika der Kriegsliteratur und der Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung herauskristallisieren und zugleich rechtfertigen, dass eine Subsumierung von Kriegsbüchern wegen unterschiedlicher Ein¬stellungen ihrer Autoren zum Krieg unvermeidbar ist. Schlüsselwörter: Krieg, Nationalismus, Kriegsliteratur, Literatur der heiligen Ver¬teidigung, Antikriegsliteratur, Ästhetisierung des Kriegs, Verherrlichung des Verteidigungskriegs

Literary creation is the most important points in the work of a poet. Since a poet values his lifegreatly, he arranges it aesthetically with appearance and inner richness. At the time, the composed recounts of his impressive strengths in the world of poetry with great fascination so that he became the lone rider of the eloquence field and on the other side, he offered positive qualities of human indirectly. Masood Saad Salman is a courtier poet and during the Ghaznavid kingdom; He has praised his eloquence art more than any other contemporary poets. He has reinforced his words’ venerability of blessings if responsibility of teaching educational concepts has been entrusted to him. The present paper has tried to bring briefly the art of eloquence, review of literature, introducing Masood Saad, his time and his poem as prelude; then with focus on Masood’s poems, it has been paid to the advantages with which the poet knows his words is superior and he intends to reinforce the readers toward the virtues as frequency topic, so that a new window of the art of this poet is opened for the mind of readers.

Shortly after gulf war (G.W) thousands of war veterans referred with sign and symptoms of an unknown disease called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental and governmental centers this illness remains unclassified and can not be coded by international classification of disease (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found and the illness appears to be multifactorial and basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical warfare (C.W) and biological agents. This article reviews this illness and the adverse effects of D.U and B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.

The aim of this study was to investigate soft-warfare and the place of cyberspace in Imam Khamenei's defensive thinking. To achieve this goal, the author in the present study based on a qualitative approach and using content analysis method (review and revision of leadership statements about soft war and cyberspace) has calculated the relevant dimensions and components and based on that research model. The method has been that after collecting qualitative data from sources, from the relevant texts, the initial codes are extracted, from the aggregation of these codes, aggregate codes are made, and from the study and integration of aggregate codes of components and then the relevant dimensions (from combination and aggregation of several Component) was proposed to form a conceptual model of research. The findings showed that in the defense thinking of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, regarding the issue of soft war and the position of cyberspace, 5 dimensions and 21components related to these dimensions are involved. Relevant dimensions include the dimension of introducing the coordinates and goals of soft war in leadership thinking(consisting of 4components), the dimension of paying attention to vigilance and being in the struggle scene in leadership thinking(consisting of 4 components), the dimension of introducing the effects and consequences of soft war in leadership thinking (Consisting of 3components), then emphasizing the enemy's use of all soft warfare capabilities to dominate the thoughts in leadership thinking(consisting of 5 components)and then providing solutions and proposals to deal with soft warfare in leadership thinking(consisting of 5 components).

As the followers of divine religions before Islam, “the followers of the Book " did not have a rigid attitude about their relations with Muslims, though some of them at least expressed hostility against Muslims and launched various kinds of onslaughts against them, including an economic war. Using a descriptive- analytical method, the present paper which examines the economic war waged by the followers of the Book, shows that Islam adopted effective measures, used efficient methods and tools, and showed necessary reactions against these attacks. Following a proper procedure to monitor and control the situation of the followers of the Book and Muslims, Islam took drastic steps to diminish the risk of such onslaughts. The Quran and lifestyle of the Infallibles guided Muslims ideologically and practically and contributed to ensuring economic security and their absolute sovereignty over the Islamic community. Fostering the wellbeing of domestic economy, preserving national independence, controlling the economy of the followers of the Book and their defense budget are among the most important issues on which Islam emphasizes in this regard.

After the end of the imposed war, the Islamic Republic of Iran's army entered a new phase of its missions, in which, considering the complex regional and international developments, the army's role in enhancing the country's defensive power became significantly prominent. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to elucidate the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran's army after the imposed war in enhancing the country's defensive power. This research is applied in terms of its objective and employs a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), utilizing interviews with 8 experts whose work is related to the army and security. The findings of this qualitative section were tested in the form of path coefficients of structural equations in Smart PLS software, after confirming the validity and reliability of the internal and external model in the quantitative community. The results indicate that the changes in the Islamic Republic of Iran's army after the Sacred Defense period include self-sufficiency in the production of military equipment, the development of specialized human resources, and changes in the structure and organization of forces, which have contributed to increasing efficiency and responsiveness in the face of threats. Additionally, the localization of tactics and strategies and the strengthening of missile capabilities as an effective deterrent have increased the country's defensive power. Cooperation with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has also contributed to improving combat capabilities and reducing defense costs, allowing Iran to be recognized as an independent and deterrent power in the international arena.

The poets who are mystics and mystical poets, as it is understood from their remaining works, don’t limit themselves to the constraints of pure poetry and if they recited a verse or created a rhymed work, it was more about instruction, illumination, and explanation of immaterial problems to the audience.Although Attar, in every part of his work, doesn’t consider himself a poet and doesn’t want to be called by this title, on the basis of what he has learned from mysticism, is on the apogee of mystical humility. We have tried, in this essay, to look at his poetic glories as a poet through his verses, and by evaluating it, we want to show that Attar, on his apogee of mystical humility, has appeared to be as a unique character in the field of poetic self-glorification.

The novel Haras, published in 2017 in the field of literature by NasimMarashi, portrays the years of a war-torn family's life and reflects the facets of fear and anxiety individuals face when dealing with problems such as war and the resulting grief. After briefly mentioning the psychological consequences of war in human societies, in a descriptive-analytical way, this article firstly describes the strategies to deal with fear and stress caused by war, then the matching examples in the behavioral response of Rasul and Nawal as the two central characters of the story with the amount of damage explained the high adaptability and based on the concept of stress disorder caused by psychological blows of war to analyze strategies,It deals with coping, compromise patterns and defense mechanisms. The result of the research shows: that the novel Haras can be analyzed and explained based on coping strategies and compromise patterns as well as Freud's defense mechanisms, and how these strategies, patterns, and mechanisms are applied has a decisive role in the mental health and subsequently the fate of its hero

Addressing the issue of philosophy of war difficult. In the other words, the relationship between Philosophy and war seems to be difficult one. Alexander Moseley is a Political Philosophy Editor for the IEP (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has lectured on the Philosophy and morality of war at Several British universities. In his book called The Philosophy of War he explained why do humans fight each other? He said “ what I hope to establish in this work is that the Principles of war s origins involve all aspects of our nature, culture, and thinking. We fight because we believe in fighting and our beliefs have to change if we wish to abandon war. The research method in this book and this article is analytical and Philosophical.